ベトナムでFDI企業を運営している皆様は、複雑な賃金支払に関する規定に戸惑っていませんか。どのようにすれば適切な賃金支払方法を選択し、将来的に発生し得る法的リスクを回避できるのでしょうか。
KMCは、FDI企業向けに税務・会計・人事の専門的なソリューションを提供するコンサルティング会社として、皆様の疑問に対して最も分かりやすく、詳細な解決策をご提案いたします。
なぜ企業にとって適切な賃金支払方法の選択が必要なのか?
実地調査によれば、FDI企業における労働争議の68%以上は、賃金計算や給与支払における誤りから発生しています。
賃金の算定や従業員の給与決定については、各企業が常に重視している一方で、支払方法そのものには十分な関心が払われていないのが現状です。しかし、企業は賃金支払の方法がキャッシュフローに深く影響を及ぼすと同時に、従業員の体験にも直結することを認識すべきです。さらに、誤った賃金支払方法の選択は、法的リスクを招く可能性もあります。
したがって、特に日本企業のように、職場文化において透明性と規律を重んじる企業にとっては、ベトナム法規に基づく賃金支払形態を正しく理解することが一層重要となります。
現在一般的に採用されている賃金支払形態
2019年労働法第96条第1項の規定に基づき、賃金の支払形態は以下のとおり定められています。
- 使用者と労働者は、賃金支払の形態について、時間給、出来高給または請負給により合意します。
- 賃金は現金で支払うか、または労働者が銀行に開設した個人の口座に振り込むことができる。
なお、労働者の銀行口座に振り込む場合には、口座開設や給与振込に関する手数料は使用者が負担しなければなりません。
したがって、上記規定に基づき、使用者は以下の形態により賃金支払を労働者と合意することになります。
- 時間給による賃金支払(「月給」「週給」「日給」「時給」)
- 出来高給による賃金支払
- 請負給による賃金支払
賃金支払形態の実務的な適用方法
企業が従業員に給与を支払う際は、以下のように実務へ適用することが一般的です。
1. 時間給による賃金支払
これはFDI企業のオフィス業務をはじめ、現在ほとんどの業種で最も一般的に採用されている形態です。
計算式:
実支給額 = (合意された給与額 ÷ 標準勤務日数) × 実際勤務日数 − 控除項目
例: ハノイ所在の日系100%出資のXYZ有限会社がオフィス従業員に月給制を適用。合意された給与が15,000,000 VND/月(22日勤務基準)の場合、従業員が有給休暇2日を取得し20日勤務した場合、支給額は(15,000,000 ÷ 22) × 20 = 13,636,364 VND となります。
メリット:
- 予算計画が立てやすく、定性的な業務に適している
- 計算が柔軟で簡便
デメリット:
- 従業員の労働生産性を直接反映しにくい
2. 出来高給による賃金支払
This is the most performance-optimized method, suitable for factories, workshops, and manufacturing enterprises.
When applying this method, businesses must pay attention to legal requirements. According to Article 104 of the 2019 Labor Code, piece-rate wages must ensure that an employee working 8 hours/day receives not less than the regional minimum wage.
Formula:
Total Income = Number of Completed Products × Unit Price per Product
Example: A Japanese electronic com
これは生産効率を最大化できる形態であり、工場や製造業に適しています。
法的留意点: 2019年労働法第104条によれば、出来高給の場合も労働者が1日8時間勤務すれば、少なくとも地域別最低賃金を下回らない水準を確保しなければなりません。
計算式:
総収入 = 完成品数量 × 単価
例: 北寧省の日系電子部品メーカーが単価500 VND/製品を適用。労働者Aが1日1,200個を完成させた場合、収入は600,000 VND となります。
メリット:
- 収入が生産性と連動するため、直接監督の時間を削減できます。
デメリット:
- 創造的業務には不向きます。
- 品質低下のリスクがあります。
3. 請負給による賃金支払
これは特定のプロジェクトに最適な支払形態です。政令145/2020/ND-CPにより、請負給は文書による合意が必要であり、業務量・品質・完了期限を明確に定めなければなりません。
計算式:
総給与 = 完了した業務量に基づく請負額
例: ダナンの日系インテリア設計会社が、高級マンションの設計図作成を15日以内に完成させる条件で、50,000,000 VND の請負給を設定します。
メリット:
- 時間管理が柔軟します。
- 最終成果に集中できます。
デメリット:
- 進捗管理が難しい
- 「業務完了」の定義が不明確な場合、紛争が生じやすい
参照: 3P給与とKPI!
賃金支払形態の詳細比較表
Even after understanding different salary payment methods, you may still face challenges in selecting the most optimal option for your enterprise. Refer to the detailed comparison table below:
Criteria | Time-Based Salary | Product-Based Salary | Lump-Sum Salary |
Suitable for | Office staff, managers | Production workers, sales staff | Short-term projects, specialized tasks |
Key Advantages | Stable budgeting, easy management | Significant productivity increase, fair by output | Flexible, reduces supervision costs |
Main Risks | Retaining underperforming employees | Inconsistent product quality | Hard to control quality, risk of delays |
Compliance Level | High (easy to standardize and apply) | Medium (requires careful unit-price setup) | Low (higher risk of disputes) |
FDI Enterprise Recommendation | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★☆☆ |
Conclusion:
Each salary payment method comes with its own advantages, disadvantages, and risks, and is suitable for different types of businesses. As a manager, the key is to thoroughly understand your enterprise in order to make the right choice—or even combine multiple salary methods in a smart way to enhance productivity and overall efficiency of your workforce.
Choosing Salary Payment Methods for FDI Enterprises
In addition to salary calculation and salary payment forms, the method of disbursement itself is also a major source of disputes. According to a survey by the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (2024), 42% of labor complaints are related to salary disbursement methods.
Article 94 of the 2019 Labor Code clearly stipulates:
- Salaries must be paid directly, fully, and on time.
- Salaries may be paid in cash or transferred to the employee’s personal bank account.
- If paid via a bank account, enterprises are not allowed to deduct transfer fees from employees’ salaries.
- A signed payroll slip or bank transaction record must be kept as proof of payment.
Note: Under Circular No. 23/2021/TT-BLĐTBXH, payment in kind is allowed for a maximum of 30% of the employee’s total monthly income and requires the employee’s written consent.
Currently, FDI enterprises in general—and Japanese FDI enterprises in particular—are implementing salary disbursement as follows:
- Bank Transfer: 92% of Japanese enterprises adopt this method to ensure transparency and align with centralized accounting systems.
- Bank Fee Handling: The company bears 100% of the transfer fees and does not deduct them from employees’ salaries.
- Payment Schedule: Strictly in accordance with the labor contract, typically between the 15th and 25th of each month.
5 Common Mistakes in Applying Salary Payment Methods in FDI Enterprises
Many Japanese FDI enterprises in Vietnam still make certain mistakes when selecting and applying salary payment methods for employees, such as:
- Not specifying the salary payment method in the labor contract: 65% of disputes arise from contracts lacking this detail.
- Failing to include holiday pay: According to Article 112 of the Labor Code, employees are entitled to full pay on 11 public holidays per year.
- Applying the wrong regional minimum wage: The current (2025) rates range from VND 3,920,000 to VND 4,680,000/month depending on the region.
- Not adjusting salaries when changing payment methods: An addendum to the labor contract must be signed when the salary calculation method is changed.
- Delayed payment exceeding 15 days: This violates Article 17 of Decree No. 12/2022/NĐ-CP and may result in fines of up to VND 75 million.
Professional Payroll and Salary Payment Solutions from KMC Experts
As a new enterprise entering the Vietnamese market, you may seek consultation and guidance on the latest regulations regarding tax, accounting, and human resources. Building a professional, legally compliant payroll–tax–accounting framework is essential for long-term and sustainable growth.
Contact KMC—a consulting firm with more than 15 years of experience advising over 300 FDI enterprises in Vietnam. We work alongside our clients to design payroll schemes, select appropriate salary payment methods tailored to each business’s characteristics, ensuring transparency and enhancing employee performance.
KMC provides a comprehensive A-to-Z solution, including:
- Multi-dimensional analysis: Assessing business type, HR structure, and corporate culture to recommend the most suitable salary payment method.
- Comprehensive legal review: Ensuring compliance with Vietnam’s Labor Code and international conventions applicable to FDI enterprises.
- Standardized process design: Developing a transparent payroll system with clear formulas and appropriate payment methods.
- Technology solutions: Integrating automated payroll systems compatible with the company’s existing accounting software.
- Labor negotiation support: Advising on negotiation strategies when changing salary payment methods with employees.
With proven experience in successfully implementing payroll systems for 47 Japanese companies in Vietnam, KMC’s team of experts is ready to accompany you in building a professional payroll policy that aligns with your business operations.
Frequently Asked Questions on Salary Payment Methods for Employees
Is it mandatory for FDI enterprises to pay salaries via bank transfer?
No, it is not mandatory. However, under Circular No. 23/2021, if salaries are paid to more than 10 employees at the same time, enterprises are encouraged to use bank transfers to ensure transparency.
Can the salary payment method be changed during the contract period?
Yes, but it must comply with Article 35 of the Labor Code: any change requires a written agreement with the employee in advance and must not reduce the employee’s agreed rights and benefits.
How should disputes over salary payment methods be resolved?
The Labor Code provides 4 steps:
- Direct negotiation
- Mediation by the Labor Mediation Council
- Labor arbitration
- Court litigation
Statistics show that 80% of disputes are resolved at the negotiation stage when contracts and related documents are clear. Therefore, enterprises should carefully develop both payroll policies and salary payment methods from the beginning to: minimize legal risks – reduce internal disputes – and enhance employee performance.
For professional consultation, please contact our hotline: +84 91 988 9331.
See also: Standard Payroll Calculation Process for FDI Enterprises